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Ans : 1)khums ferz or wajib hay.
Khumus ki tareef : Tajir, dokaan daar, kariger, mulaazmat (job) kernay walay or isi terah dosray kamanay walay hazraat k liay zarori hay k jab say onho nay kaam ya job shoro ki ho, aik saal gurazar jaay, tu jo khuch raqam ya samaan istimaal say bach gaya ho, os ka khumus(paanchwa hissa, 1/5) dain.or jo shaks kamata nah ho,or os ka kharcha koe dosra bardaasht kerta ho tu,agar itifaaq say is ko koe samaan,ya raqam haasil ho tu ,jab osay ye samaan milay ho aik saal guzar jaay,or is main say jo baaqi bacha ho tu is ka khumus day.isi terah ye shaks her raqam ya maal k liay aik alag saal muqarrar ker sakta hay.
2) Jab Insaan Tijarat,Sanaat Hirfat ya dosray Kaam Kaaj say Rupea kamaey aur wo kamai khud uskay aur uskay Ahl-o-Ayaal kay Saal bhar kay Akhrajaat say ziada ho to zaroori hay kay zaid kamai ka khums yani panchwaan Hissa Mujtahid-e-Alam ya uskay wakeel ko day.Jo sarmaya karobar main istemaal kiya gaya hay agar us par pehlay say khums nikala ja chuka hay to us par koi khums nahi hay,warna us par khums nikalna hoga.Ref: (Tauzeehul Masail A.Sistani Pg.262,Masala No.1722...Minhaajus Saliheen Pg.397,Masala No.1222.)
Khums kay 2 hissay hotay hain,aik hissa kisi syed faqeer ya yateem syed ko diya jata hay ya aisay syed ko jo safar main na-chaar ho gaya ho,usko diya jasakta hay.jabkay khums ka dosra hissa sehm-e-Imam(as) hay jo zaroori hay kay maujooda zamanay main Jamiush Sharait Mujtahid ko diya jaey ya aisay kaamoon par kharch kiya jaey jis ki mujtahid nay ijazat dee ho,aur Aihtiyaat-e-Lazim ye hay kay wo Marja-e-Alam ho aur umoomi maslihatoon say aagaah ho.jis shakhs kay paas apnay aur apnay aihl-o-ayaal kay liye saal bhar kay akhraajaat na hoon aur uska koi roozgaar bhi na ho jis kay zariye wo apnay aihl-o-ayaal ka saal bhar ka kharcha poora kar sakay wo faqeer hay..Bayan karda masalay ki roshni main aap jis khatoon ko apna khums dena chahtay hain agar wo syeda hain aur faqeer hain to khums ka aadha hissa yani sehm-e-sadat day saktay hain,agar wo faqeer hain laikin ghair syed hain to phir mujtahid ki ijazat kay baghair khums nahi day saktay..Sehm-e-Sadat mujtahid ki ijazat kay baghair khud mustahiq tak pohuncha saktay hain ,agarchay aihtiyaat-e-mustahib hay kay ye bhi mujtahid ya is kay wakeel ko diya jaey.Ref:Istiftaat I-35,Tauzeehul Masail Pg.No.272,294.Masala No.1804,1953. (Khuda aap ki tawfiqaat mein izafa farmaye)
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